BC VI: What is the Circle of the Earth?
The bounds of our habitation have been proscribed…
“18 For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, who hold the truth in unrighteousness;
19 Because that which may be known of God is manifest in them; for God hath shewed it unto them.
20 For the invisible things of him from the creation of the world are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even his eternal power and Godhead; so that they are without excuse:
21 Because that, when they knew God, they glorified him not as God, neither were thankful; but became vain in their imaginations, and their foolish heart was darkened.
22 Professing themselves to be wise, they became fools,
— Epistle to the Romans 1:18-22 KJV
Previous Entry
The Earth is described in Holy Scripture some 49 different times as having a “face". In geometric terms, the face of an object is a flat, planar surface that forms the boundaries of one side of an object. While the vast majority of these verses are found in the Old Testament, I believe it crucial to note that Christ describes the Earth in this same fashion not once, but twice in the Gospel of Luke (12:56, 21:35). For all the corrections of the Pharisees’ doctrine that Christ made, He quite conspicuously affirms their understanding of cosmology throughout His earthly ministry.
The last time in the Holy Bible that we see the Earth described in this fashion, the Apostle Paul is seen debating the nature of creation with the Stoics and Epicureans of Athens (all emphasis below is mine):
22 Then Paul stood in the midst of Mars' hill, and said, Ye men of Athens, I perceive that in all things ye are too superstitious.
23 For as I passed by, and beheld your devotions, I found an altar with this inscription, To The Unknown God. Whom therefore ye ignorantly worship, him declare I unto you.
24 God that made the world and all things therein, seeing that he is Lord of heaven and earth, dwelleth not in temples made with hands;
25 Neither is worshipped with men's hands, as though he needed any thing, seeing he giveth to all life, and breath, and all things;
26 And hath made of one blood all nations of men for to dwell on all the face of the earth, and hath determined the times before appointed, and the bounds of their habitation;
27 That they should seek the Lord, if haply they might feel after him, and find him, though he be not far from every one of us:
28 For in him we live, and move, and have our being; as certain also of your own poets have said, For we are also his offspring.
— The Acts of the Apostles 17:22-28 KJV
What the Apostle Paul states here is extraordinarily profound on multiple levels. Not only have the bounds of our habitation on Earth been determined by the LORD, but the very essence of Creation is itself a direct physical manifestation of Christ. We can not escape the physical bounds of the cosmos, and it is through His creation — and the limitations placed upon it — that the reality of our Creator is made known to us.
In Epiphanius’ seminal work on heresy, the Panarion, he describes the beliefs of the Greek Stoics “who held that the universe is a body and believed that this visible world is God”. It is this startling truth that Paul alludes to in Acts 17:28 — a truth which even the pagan philosophers were able to deduce through their observance of creation. As Paul reiterates in so many of his epistles, it is through Jesus Christ that all of creation was formed:
16 For by him were all things created, that are in heaven, and that are in earth, visible and invisible, whether they be thrones, or dominions, or principalities, or powers: all things were created by him, and for him:
17 And he is before all things, and by him all things consist.
— Epistle to the Colossians 1:16-17 KJV
This point is once again echoed nearly verbatim in Paul’s epistle to the church at Rome:
For of him, and through him, and to him, are all things: to whom be glory for ever. Amen.
— Epistle to the Romans 11:36 KJV
Paul makes this yet even more plain in the opening verses of Hebrews:
1 God, who at sundry times and in divers manners spake in time past unto the fathers by the prophets,
2 Hath in these last days spoken unto us by his Son, whom he hath appointed heir of all things, by whom also he made the worlds;
3 Who being the brightness of his glory, and the express image of his person, and upholding all things by the word of his power, when he had by himself purged our sins, sat down on the right hand of the Majesty on high:
— Hebrews 1:1-3 KJV
Christ truly knows His cosmos in an intimate fashion since it is through Him, and by Him, that all of creation is sustained. When Jesus Christ states that the Earth has a face; when He consistently affirms the ancient Hebrew understanding of cosmology, we as His subjects should contemplate the profundity of His proclamations.
— An Arctic aurora. Source: Sigurdur William Brynjarsson.
So what is the Circle of the Earth? Let us first turn to Strong’s Concordance to define our terms:
H2329 chug: vault, horizon
Original Word: חוּג
Part of Speech: Noun Masculine
Transliteration: chug
Phonetic Spelling: (khoog)
Definition: vault, horizon
That word for vault or horizon is derived from a similar Hebrew word:
H2328 chug: to draw around, make a circle
Original Word: חוּג
Part of Speech: Verb
Transliteration: chug
Phonetic Spelling: (khoog)
Definition: to draw around, make a circle
It is H2328 that is used to describe the boundaries of the waters in Job:
10 He hath compassed the waters with bounds, until the day and night come to an end.
— Job 26:10 KJV
That term compass is not referring to the navigation tool, but rather, the mathematical tool used to draw a circle.
— A compass, a mathematical tool used to draw a circle.
Chug is used consistently to describe the physical boundaries of the LORD’s creation:
14 Thick clouds are a covering to him, that he seeth not; and he walketh in the circuit of heaven.
— Job 22:14 KJV
Not just in the heavens, but the Earth as well:
22 It is he that sitteth upon the circle of the earth, and the inhabitants thereof are as grasshoppers; that stretcheth out the heavens as a curtain, and spreadeth them out as a tent to dwell in:
— Isaiah 40:22 KJV
Additionally, the Great Deep is also described as being compassed about:
27 When he prepared the heavens, I was there: when he set a compass upon the face of the depth:
— Proverbs 8:27 KJV
Every layer of creation — from the heavens above, to the neverending depths of Sheol — is compassed about by the boundaries the LORD has set forth.
— This is a photoshopped image of a ball — not a circle.
Now the above verse from Isaiah is admittedly a controversial one, often being cited by both Biblical cosmologists and heliocentric creationists as a prooftext for their belief in the flat plane and globe models, respectively. So who is correct?
In Isaiah 22:18, the Hebrew word dur, or ball, is used — so we know that the prophet clearly knows what that word is. Isaiah, under divine inspiration, importantly does not use the word for ball to describe the shape of the Earth some eighteen chapters later in Isaiah 40:22. Definitionally, a circle must be a flat plane. Beyond facile similitudes, the difference between a circle and a ball is as vast as the difference between wet and dry. From a geometric and logical standpoint, these terms are simply not interchangeable.
The physical dimensions of the Earth being described by Job, Solomon, Isaiah, Paul and Jesus Christ quite clearly describe a flat, topographical plane — not a globe.
“God forbid: yea, let God be true, but every man a liar; as it is written, That thou mightest be justified in thy sayings, and mightest overcome when thou art judged.”
— Epistle to the Romans 3:4 KJV
What we have documented should not be physically possible according to the globe theory.
It is, however, perfectly in line with the Biblical description of the Earth.
— 9.51 miles laser test over Tampa Bay. February 4th, 2024.
The globe model claims a specific circumference of the Earth and a fairly uniform rate of curvature:
A globally-average value is usually considered to be 6,371 kilometres (3,959 mi) with a 0.3% variability (±10 km) for the following reasons. The International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) provides three reference values: the mean radius (R1) of three radii measured at two equator points and a pole; the authalic radius, which is the radius of a sphere with the same surface area (R2); and the volumetric radius, which is the radius of a sphere having the same volume as the ellipsoid (R3). All three values are about 6,371 kilometres (3,959 mi).
The horizon is not simply an optical effect on the globe model — it is, allegedly, a physical location that can be observed over large bodies of water (emphasis mine):
The horizon is the apparent curve that separates the surface of a celestial body from its sky when viewed from the perspective of an observer on or near the surface of the relevant body. This curve divides all viewing directions based on whether it intersects the relevant body's surface or not.
The true horizon is a theoretical line, which can only be observed to any degree of accuracy when it lies along a relatively smooth surface such as that of Earth's oceans.
The math used to derive the horizon distance is fairly straightforward, resulting in the following formula: the observable distance in miles should be equal to 1.22459 miles multiplied by the square root of the observer’s height in feet.
— Source: How far away is the horizon? Washington University.
In order to falsify the curvature of the Earth, myself and a small team of Christian scientists decided to replicate an optical laser test that many other “flat Earthers” and Biblical cosmologists have performed. In my eyes, the FE Core laser test is the gold standard for experiments of this nature. Our experiment is truly a meagre addendum to the incredible work of the FE Core team.
For our experiment we picked the following two locations situated across Tampa Bay, Florida: Point A was located at the shoreline of Bahai Beach, and Point B was located on the shoreline of Lassing Park. According to our GPS measurements, the distance between Point A and Point B was 9.51 miles. The camera team was at Point A, with both cameras approximately five feet above sea level. Point B was the laser team, with our high-powered blue laser placed approx. three feet above sea level. Both the laser and the Nikon P900 we used to capture this footage were leveled.
Using the curvature formula above — and given that the laser used for this experiment was placed on a tripod three feet above sea level — our laser should have intersected with the horizon at ~2.12 miles, with a hidden height of ~36.4 feet (depending on the varying circumference measurements used).
— Bahai Beach to Lassing Park, a distance of 9.51 miles.
— Source: Earth Curve Calculator.
— Source: OMNI Calculator.
— Horizon distance in miles given an observer height of three feet. Source: Desmos.
I can already predict the response to all of these calculations so far: “But what about refraction?”
I’m glad you asked, let’s discuss that (emphasis mine):
The refraction of light is the bending of light rays as they pass from one medium to another, thereby changing the path of the rays. Refraction occurs due to a change in the speed of the light ray or wave. The speed of light is greatest in a vacuum. When the light rays travel from a rarer to a denser medium, they bend towards the normal. If the light rays travel from a denser to a rarer medium, they bend away from the normal. The greater the density of the media, the higher the refractive index. Snell’s law, or the law of refraction, quantitatively defines the amount of bending of waves dependent on the refractive index of the two media.
— Refraction of Light, Kuar & Gurnani
First of all, refraction is a quantifiable and measurable physical phenomenon. That means it can be calculated and accounted for, not just baselessly used to explain away findings we don’t like. Crucially, so long as the light wave is not traveling between mediums, refraction should not even be a factor. But, just to humor the skeptics, let’s calculate it nonetheless.
— Source: OMNI Calculator.
Given the speed of light through the air and the refractive index of air, we would at most expect to see a divergence of .264 ft over a distance of 9.51 miles. In other words, refraction can not be used explain our findings away — which is, again, assuming it’s even impacting our beam.
But wait, it gets even worse for the globe theory. On the theoretical globe model, any distance past the horizon should be constantly falling away from us. So for this experiment (assuming the globe model is correct), the target’s hidden height is not quite the accurate metric we want to look for. In fact, due to the tangential angle of an observer on a sphere, we should expect to see the laser well overhead of our camera team at Point A (visualized below).
— The projected path of our laser on the globe (not to scale). Source: Earth Curve Calculator.
As you can plainly see, that is not what we found at all. Not only did we not observe any hidden height on the target, we did not observe any measurable curvature whatsoever.
— Nikon P900 footage of our laser test (February 4th, 2024).
— Cell phone footage of our laser test (February 4th, 2024).
“It is the glory of God to conceal a thing: but the honour of kings is to search out a matter.”
— Proverbs 25:2 KJV
The face, or the Circle of the Earth, is consistently described not as a mere ball adrift in some ever-expanding void — it is a meticulously crafted plane; encompassed by the boundaries set forth through the hand of the Almighty. The profound implications of these observations simply defy the deceptive narratives of mainstream science. The laser tests my team conducted across Tampa Bay serve as a testament to the steadfastness of God's Word, once again unequivocally demonstrating the inconsistencies and impossibilities inherent in the globe model.
In the face of the ever mounting evidence exposing the fallacies of the heliocentric model, and the deceptive constructs of modern cosmology, we Christians must stand firm in our faith and boldly proclaim the sovereignty of our Creator. Refraction, curvature, and the purported explanations of secular science crumble under the weight of empirical evidence, thereby leaving the intellectually honest with no recourse but to acknowledge the veracity of Biblical cosmology. The laser beam that pierced through the mythical horizon — defying the expectations of the skeptics and affirming the Biblical description of our cosmos — serves as a beacon of hope for all who dare to question the prevailing dogmas of our age.
In conclusion, the revelation of Holy Scripture stands as an unyielding and unwavering beacon of truth amidst the tumultuous waves of skepticism and deceit, ever seeking to engulf the minds of men in their grasp. The epistles of Paul, the wisdom of the prophets, and the teachings of Christ: all converge to illuminate the divine design of our cosmos, revealing the intricacies of creation that declare the handiwork of God.
Thusly, we all have been confronted with a choice. A choice between embracing the immutable truths revealed through the Word of God, or clinging onto a phantasmal delusion of cosmic proportions and infernal origins. His Creation, and His unbreakable Word, has left you without excuse.
I fervently pray that my brothers and sisters in Christ would once again boldly declare, with unwavering faith and unyielding resolve, that the Earth is not a sphere suspended in the vast expanse of an ever-expanding nothingness.
It is a flat, immovable plane lovingly crafted by the hand of our Creator.
“Thou art worthy, O Lord, to receive glory and honour and power: for thou hast created all things, and for thy pleasure they are and were created.”
— Apocalipsis 4:11 KJV
Further Research
I love how you explain Christ’s connection to the creation. He created it and therefore knows how to communicate the truth of it with language that means what it says. Very profound.
Outstanding evidence. I love your work.